考研英语强化班讲义之英译汉全真试题详解7(1)
Unit 7
Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.（71）Under modern conditions，this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. （72）Furthermore，it is obvious that the strength of a country economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry，and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example，they may encourage research in various ways，including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education，or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science，economics any industry，In any case，all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.
（73）Owing to the remarkable development in masscommunications，people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas，while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time，the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example，（74）in the early in industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the farreaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century，whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned.（75）Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors，governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.
Unit 7 翻译题解：
71) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.
句子分析：
第一、 句子可以拆分为三段：
Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control/and hence the help of specialized scientists/such as economists and operational research experts.
第二、句子的结构：
1)主干结构是一个带双宾语的简单句：this requires varying measures of...and hence the help of... 2)两个宾语各带有of短语作定语。
3)specialized scientists后面的短语such as...是其定语。
第三、词的处理：
Under modern conditions 在现代条件下 requires 需要 varying measures (程度)不同的措施 centralized control 中央控制，中央调控 and hence 因此，从而 specialized scientists 专门科学家，专家 operational research experts 运行研究专家，运筹学家
完整的译文：
71)在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的中央控制，从而就需要获得诸如经济学家和运筹学家等领域专家的协助。
72) Furthermore it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.
句子分析：
第一、 句子可以拆分为三段：
Furthermore it is obvious / that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, / and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.
第二、句子的结构：
1)主干结构是it is obvious that..., and that...形式主语和两个主语从句。
2)两个that从句都是简单的主谓宾结构句。
3)this指代前面的宾语中心词efficiency。
第三、词的处理：
Furthermore 再者，另外 it is obvious that (固定译法)显而易见的是 the strength of a country's economy 一个国家的经济实力 is directly bound up with 与……直接(密切)相关 the efficiency of its agriculture and industry 工农业生产效率 in turn 反过来 rests upon 有赖于，取决于 scientists and technologists of all kinds 各种科技人员，所有领域的科学家和技术人员
完整的译文：
72)再者，显而易见的是，一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。
73) Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分为五段：
Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, / people everywhere are feeling new wants / and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, / while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations / for the reasons given above.
第二、句子的结构：
1)主干结构是：原因状语Owing to..., people are feeling ... and are being..., while governments are often forced to...句子结构中while是个关键词，表示对比关系，汉语意思是"而"。
2)第一个主句中有两个现在进行时的并列谓语are feeling... and are being...
3)第二个主句的谓语是被动语态。
4)for the reasons given above是第二个主句的原因状语。
第三、词的处理：
owing to 因为，由于 mass-communications 大众通讯 people everywhere 所有的人，各地的人 new wants 新的需求(要求，需要) being exposed to 接触到，感受到 customs and ideas 习俗和思想 introduce 推出，采取，施行 innovations 革新，革新措施 for the reasons given above 由于上述原因
完整的译文：
73)由于大众通讯的显著发展，所有的人都不断感到有新的需求，并不断接触到新的习俗和思想，由于上述原因，各国政府不得不经常采取更进一步的革新措施。
74) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization-with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.
句子分析：
第一、 句子可以拆分为三段：
in the early industrialized countries of Europe / the process of industrialization-with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a century, / whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.
，考研英语强化班讲义之英译汉全真试题详解7(1)- 考研英语强化班讲义之英译汉全真试题详解7(1)
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